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Yield data sources

Crop yield is an important input to all emissions factor calculations. Regrow’s yield geo-database contains curated “best available” yield data from from government and academic institutions. When available Regrow uses official country/region statistical sources. When country or regional data is not yet available for a given crop x location x year, FAOSTAT country-level yields are used. Gap-filling rules are applied when a specific country–crop–year value is missing.

Data sources

To support yield-based calculations, Regrow uses:

  • Reported yield (production per unit area) for the crop and year of interest

  • Geographic reporting level, which varies by source (e.g., county, province/state, national, or EU regions)

Primary data sources

CONUS: USDA–NASS (National Agricultural Statistics Service)
Produced by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s statistical agency, NASS publishes official U.S. agricultural yields compiled from surveys and the Census of Agriculture. The data are reported annual, and are available at multiple geographic levels including county and state for many major crops.

Brazil: IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística) 
IBGE produces Brazil’s official agricultural statistics; including the PAM (Municipal Agricultural Production Survey) reports planted/harvested area, production, and average yield collected annually, with the municipality as the core reporting unit (and rollups to states/regions).

UK & Ireland:  GOV UK
UK government agricultural statistics publish annual crop production and yield estimates (e.g., cereals and oilseeds) derived from national statistical processes and surveys, reported at annual frequency and generally summarized at national level in official releases.

Europe: Eurostat
Eurostat publishes harmonized agricultural production statistics for EU member states, including crop production data reported annually, with regional breakdowns commonly available at NUTS 2 for regional production datasets. 

Canada: Statistics Canada (StatCan)
Statistics Canada publishes official field crop tables that include yield as part of annual crop reporting, with values available annually and typically reported at national and provincial levels.

Vietnam: National Statistics Office (General Statistics Office / GSO)
Vietnam’s national statistics office compiles and publishes official national agricultural statistics. These are generally published on an annual basis with reporting that can include national and subnational (e.g., provincial) aggregation.

Secondary data source

FAOSTAT (FAO)
When a crop is missing from the primary sources above (or a country does not have an accessible official yield series for that crop/year), Regrow uses FAOSTAT reported yields, which provide standardized country-level food and agriculture statistics, typically reported annual and commonly available from 1961 to the most recent year.

How yield data is used

  • If a primary country/region source exists for the crop and geography, Regrow uses it as the default yield input.

  • If that value is not available for a specific country × crop × year, Regrow falls back to FAOSTAT country-level yields.

  • If FAOSTAT does not report a value for a specific country–crop–year, Regrow uses the most recent available year or a higher-level fallback (e.g., sub-continental, continental, or global value), depending on the best available option for that crop and time period.

Assumptions and limitations

  • FAOSTAT values are a standardized global compilation, but may be revised as FAO updates its harmonized series, and availability varies by country–crop–year.

  • Differences in survey design, definitions, and update timing across sources can create small inconsistencies between countries and regions (even for the same crop).
  • Higher-level fallbacks (sub-continental/continental/global) are coarse and are treated as gap-filling defaults when no other localized option is available.