---
title: Seed Production methodology
description: Calculates emissions due to the production of the seed associated with the measured crop.
---

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# Seed Production methodology

## Calculates emissions due to the production of the seed associated with the measured crop.

### Overview

Seed Production activity calculates emissions generated due to the production of the seed for the measured crop. This is inclusive of any cover crops planted in service of or in the same cultivation cycle as the measured crop.

### Limitations

We assume a single seeding rate per crop, per region. Seeding rate is highly variable, depending upon variety, conditions, management, and many other factors. This is not accounted for in this methodology.

### User Inputs

For each measurement there are inputs required. In the case that the user cannot provide the inputs then Regrow will default them.

| **Inputs required** | **Description** | **Unit/Options** |
| --- | --- | --- |
| *Crop* | The name of your measured crop. This should be a single crop per measurement. If a cover crop is included in the cultivation cycle of the measured crop, then it will be included in the emissions attributed to the measured crop. | See our list of supported crops |
| *Harvested yield* | The harvested fresh yield for your measured crop, before any drying or other losses might occur. This is used as the yield denominator. | kg per hectare |
| Location | The area used in the production of your measured crop. This should be a single field or single managed unit. Location is used to inform the emissions factors used. In most cases this is a global value for the crop and some select crops x geography this is country-specific. | Country-level or field level |
| Seeding rate | This value is defaulted. Seeding rate used to produce the measured crop. | kgs of seed used per hectare |

 

 Assumptions

We assume a single seeding rate per crop per geographic location.

### Default Parameters

**Seeding rate references**

FAO. (1996). *Technical conversion factors for agricultural commodities (1992–1996)*. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved from [https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/ess/documents/methodology/tcf.pdf](https://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/ess/documents/methodology/tcf.pdf)

Agrimatco. (n.d.). *Seeding rate of sunflower in Ukraine*. Retrieved from https://agrimatco.ua

Polcalc. (n.d.). *Growing rapeseed – Why is it worth liming rapeseed?* Retrieved from https://www.polcalc.pl

European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). (2025). *Common sowing rates of major European field crops: Results of a large-scale farmer survey*. *EPPO Bulletin*. Retrieved from [https://euroseeds.eu/app/uploads/2025/05/25.0304\_EPPO-Bulletin-2025-Common-sowing-rates-of-major-European-field-crops-Results-of-a-largescale-farmer-survey.pdf](https://euroseeds.eu/app/uploads/2025/05/25.0304_EPPO-Bulletin-2025-Common-sowing-rates-of-major-European-field-crops-Results-of-a-largescale-farmer-survey.pdf)

Corn Growing Articles. (n.d.). *Corn growing – Articles*. Retrieved from https://corngrowing.com

European Seed Association. (2020). *Sowing date as a factor affecting soybean yield—A case study in Poland*. Retrieved from [https://euroseeds.eu/app/uploads/2020/12/20.0649\_Sowing-rates.pdf](https://euroseeds.eu/app/uploads/2020/12/20.0649_Sowing-rates.pdf)

Emissions factor coefficient reference

All seed production emission are sourced from Ecoinvent v3.11. However, Ecoinvent has a limited set of crops. So in cases where crops do not have an exact match emissions factor and were mapped to the most closely similar crop.

If there was no emissions coefficients available for that crop to map to, this activity will generate a *null* value for the crop. 

| **Regrow crop** | **Ecoinvent v3.11, seed production data set mapping** |
| --- | --- |
| corn | maize |
| wheat\_winter | wheat |
| soybean | soybeans |
| wheat\_spring | wheat |
| barley | barley |
| oat | oat |
| sorghum | maize |
| cotton | cottonseed |
| rye\_spring | rye |
| potato | potato |
| rice | rice |
| peanut | peanut |
| rice\_upland | rice |
| canola | rapeseed |
| millet | maize |
| sunflower | sunflower |
| dry\_bean | pea |
| corn\_silage | maize |
| *tomato* | *no match available* |
| *safflower* | *no match available* |
| flax | linseed |
| mustard | rapeseed |
| radish | potato |
| sweet\_potato | potato |
| sorghum\_silage | maize |
| rye | rye |
| pea | pea |
| turnip | potato |
| *buckwheat* | *no match available* |
| sunn\_hemp | soybean |
| lentil | lentil |
| sweet\_corn | maize |
| pop\_or\_orn\_corn | maize |
| watermelon | *no match available* |
| teff | *no match available* |
| pumpkin | *no match available* |
| sugar\_beet | sugar beet |
| wheat\_durum | wheat |
| faba\_bean | fava bean |
| hemp | *no match available* |
| camelina | rapeseed |
| speltz | wheat |
| rice\_paddy\_short | rice |
| rice\_paddy\_long | rice |

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